Suchergebnisse

The present paper is dedicated to the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria – one of the subject of Russian Federation, in which two ethnic groups have a status of "titular nation". The point of entry to the further considerations is an analysis of the phenomenon of "bi-titularism" in the context of the specifics of the political system of Union of Soviet Socialist Republic and Russian Federation. The further part of the study is dedicated to two ethnic groups, which are completely different in both cultural and linguistic aspect – Kabardians (who belong to Abkhaz-Adyghe superethnos) and Turkic Balkars. The influence of bi-titular model on the character of the political regime, inter-ethnic relations and stability of the regional situation.

The Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia is among the most unstable entities of the Russian federation. Whereas the ideas of radical political Islam enjoy little popularity there, the ethnic structure is exceptionally complex, which is not reflected in the model of territorial administration. The scale of corruption and nepotism of the local elite is enormous. The relations between the two titular ethnicities of Karachay-Cherkessia abound in mutual prejudices and distrust, or even hostility. The current model of a two-nationality republic is an element of the Soviet legacy, originally introduced in order to overcome ethnic particularism. The decline of the Soviet model of state fostered ethnic particularism and separatism, which applied to Karachays and Cherkessians alike at the turn of the nineteen-eighties. At present, Karachay separatism is a marginal phenomenon, while the influence of the Pan-Cherkessian movement has been consistently growing, posing an increasing threat to the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation. The author characterizes various dimensions of ethnic separatism in Karachay-Cherkessia and analyzes the reasons for the weakness of the armed Islamist underground in this Caucasian republic.

The following paper is dedicated to various factors and conditions, which shaped the doctrine of Japanese antiwesternism and militarism in the first half of XX century. The author seeks the historical sources of the expansionist policy of Far Eastern power, which not only manager to avoid the fate of West European collony, but also created its own collonial empire. The paper covers the image of Japan as unique, perfect, and holy state that can be noticed in shinto spirituality and various philosophical doctrines created before the Meiji Restauration of 1868. The author emphasizes the role of secret societies, which shaped social and political life of the empire and collective consciousess of Japanese people. The separate part is dedicated to the evolution of Pan-Asianism from anti-collonial and people liberation ideology to the doctrine of Japanese Far East exapnsion justification.

Bibliogr. s. 175-183